Which nerve is at greatest risk during surgical repair of a midshaft humeral fracture?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
The radial nerve travels in the radial groove directly against the midshaft of the humerus. Surgical repair = highest risk of damaging it here.
A patient presents with "Claw Hand" deformity. Which nerve is most likely involved?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Ulnar nerve supplies most intrinsic hand muscles. Loss -> hyperextension at MCP joints + flexion at IP joints = claw hand.
The "Great Cardiac Vein" typically travels alongside which artery?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
B
Posterior interventricular artery
C
Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)
The great cardiac vein and the LAD both lie in the anterior interventricular sulcus.
Obstruction of the IVC leads to collateral circulation through which vein?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
The azygos system provides a vital bypass route between the IVC and SVC.
Which heart valve is best heard at the right 2nd intercostal space at the sternal border?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Right 2nd ICS at sternal border = standard auscultation point for the aortic valve.
Damage to the Trochlear nerve (CN IV) results in difficulty with which eye movement?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Superior Oblique (CN IV) - depresses, abducts, and intorts the eye. Damage = trouble looking down and in.
Which lobe of the brain contains the Primary Visual Cortex?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Primary visual area (Brodmann area 17) is in the occipital lobe around the calcarine sulcus.
A patient lost sensation over the tip of the shoulder. Which spinal root is likely involved?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
C4 dermatome covers the "cape" area of the neck and top of the shoulder via supraclavicular nerves.
The Blood-Brain Barrier is primarily formed by tight junctions of endothelial cells and end-feet of which cells?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Astrocytes provide structural support and biochemical signals to maintain the BBB via their end-feet.
Which muscle is the primary protractor of the scapula?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Serratus anterior = "boxer's muscle" - pulls scapula forward around the thorax (protraction).
The Left Recurrent Laryngeal nerve loops under which structure?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
C
Ligamentum arteriosum only
D
Both arch of aorta and ligamentum arteriosum
It loops under the arch of the aorta, posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum - both are correct, hence D.
Which structure passes through the diaphragm at the T10 vertebral level?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Mnemonic: I (IVC) at T8, Esophagus at T10, Aorta at T12. "I Eat At 8, 10, 12."
The Internal Capsule receives its primary blood supply from which arteries?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Lenticulostriate arteries
B
Anterior cerebral artery
C
Posterior communicating artery
D
Superior cerebellar artery
Lenticulostriate arteries (MCA branches) supply the internal capsule - common site of lacunar strokes.
Which cranial nerve emerges from the posterior (dorsal) aspect of the brainstem?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
CN IV (Trochlear) is the ONLY cranial nerve to exit from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.
The "Safe Quadrant" for intramuscular gluteal injections is:
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Upper Outer quadrant - avoids the sciatic nerve and superior gluteal nerve. Always inject here!
Which of the following is a content of the Carpal Tunnel?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
B
Flexor carpi radialis tendon
D
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
Carpal tunnel contains: FPL, FDS, FDP (×4 each), and Median nerve. FCR and palmaris longus are outside.
A lesion of Broca's area results in what type of deficit?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
B
Inability to understand speech
D
Non-fluent, expressive aphasia
Broca's area (frontal lobe) controls motor production of speech. Damage = can't speak fluently but can understand. "Broca = Broken speech."
The "Apex Beat" of the heart is normally found in which intercostal space?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Left 5th ICS, midclavicular line
Apex beat = Left 5th ICS, midclavicular line. Displacement suggests cardiomegaly.
Which dural venous sinus lies in the free margin of the falx cerebri?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Inferior sagittal sinus runs along the lower, free edge of the falx cerebri.
CSF is primarily reabsorbed into the venous system through which structures?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Arachnoid granulations act as one-way valves draining CSF into the superior sagittal sinus.
The "Anatomical Snuffbox" is bounded medially by the tendon of:
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Extensor pollicis brevis
B
Abductor pollicis longus
D
Extensor pollicis longus
EPL = medial (posterior) border. APL + EPB = lateral border. Scaphoid lies in the floor - tenderness here after fall = scaphoid fracture!
Which bone is the first to begin ossification in the human body?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
The clavicle begins intramembranous ossification during week 5-6 of gestation - first bone to ossify.
The Circle of Willis is located in which space?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
All major cerebral vessels travel within the subarachnoid space containing CSF.
Injury to the surgical neck of the humerus most likely damages which nerve?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
The axillary nerve + posterior circumflex humeral artery wrap around the surgical neck. Fracture here = deltoid paralysis.
The Tricuspid Valve prevents backflow of blood from the:
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Left ventricle to left atrium
B
Right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
C
Right ventricle to right atrium
Tricuspid = right AV valve. Prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atrium during systole.
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Mnemonic: "C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive" - via the phrenic nerve.
The Pons develops from which secondary brain vesicle?
Anatomy - Embryology - Batch 2
Metencephalon -> Pons + Cerebellum. Myelencephalon -> Medulla.
Which nerve is responsible for the sensory limb of the Gag Reflex?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
B
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
D
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
CN IX (sensory) + CN X (motor) = gag reflex. CN IX provides sensation to posterior tongue and oropharynx.
The Thoracic Duct empties into the venous system at the junction of:
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Right subclavian and right internal jugular
B
Left subclavian and left internal jugular
D
Left and right brachiocephalic veins
Thoracic duct -> left venous angle (left subclavian + left internal jugular junction). Everything except right thorax/arm drains here.
Which muscle is known as the "Safety Muscle" of the tongue?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Genioglossus = safety muscle - protrudes tongue and prevents it from falling back and obstructing the airway.
The Substantia Nigra is located in which part of the brain?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Substantia nigra is in the midbrain (mesencephalon). Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons here = Parkinson's disease.
A patient presents with ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. This triad is known as:
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Horner's Syndrome = disruption of sympathetic supply to eye/face. Remember: PAM - Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis.
The Caudate Nucleus and Putamen together are known as the:
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Neostriatum = Caudate + Putamen. Lentiform = Putamen + Globus Pallidus. Corpus Striatum = all three.
Which artery supplies the majority of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Anterior Cerebral Artery
C
Posterior Cerebral Artery
MCA supplies the lateral cerebral surface including speech (Broca's, Wernicke's) and motor areas. MCA stroke = hemiplegia affecting arm > leg.
The Ligamentum Arteriosum is the fetal remnant of the:
Anatomy - Embryology - Batch 2
Ductus arteriosus -> Ligamentum arteriosum after birth. Connects pulmonary artery to descending aorta in fetal circulation.
How many bronchopulmonary segments are typically found in the Left Lung?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Left lung = 8-10 segments (variable). Right lung = consistently 10 segments. Left lung is smaller due to cardiac notch.
Which dural fold separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Falx cerebelli = small sickle-shaped fold between cerebellar hemispheres. Falx cerebri separates cerebral hemispheres.
The Biceps Reflex tests which spinal cord levels?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
C5-C6 via musculocutaneous nerve. Mnemonic: Biceps = C5,6 / Triceps = C7,8 / Knee = L3,4 / Ankle = S1,2.
Which structure marks the official start of the Lower Respiratory Tract?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
Lower respiratory tract starts at the Larynx (specifically below the vocal cords). Upper = nose to larynx. Lower = larynx downwards.
The Medial Epicondyle of the humerus is the common origin for which group of muscles?
Anatomy - MB1 - Batch 2
A
Extensors of the forearm
Medial epicondyle = Common Flexor Origin. Lateral epicondyle = Common Extensor Origin. "Golfer's elbow" affects medial, "Tennis elbow" affects lateral.
